Car Battery Charger Circuit

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Various Losses In Transformer

Losses in Transformer

As the electrical transformer is a static device, mechanical loss in transformer normally does not come into picture. We generally consider only electrical losses in Transformer . Loss in any machine is broadly defined as difference between input power and output power.
When input power is supplied to the primary of transformer, some portion of that power is used to compensate core losses in transformer i.e. Hysteresis losses and Eddy current losses in transformer core and some portion of the input power is lost as I²R loss and dissipated as heat in the primary and secondary windings, because these windings have some internal resistance in them. The first one is called core loss or iron loss in transformer and the later is known as ohmic loss or copper loss in transformer. Another loss occurs in transformer, known as Stray Loss, due to Stray fluxes link with the mechanical structure and winding conductors.

Copper Loss in Transformer

Copper loss is I²R loss, in primary side it is I₁²R₁ and in secondary side it is I₂²R₂ loss, where I₁ & I₂ are primary & secondary current of transformer and R₁ & R₂ are resistance of primary & secondary winding. As the both primary & secondary currents depend upon load of transformer, copper loss in transformer vary with load.

Core Losses in Transformer

Hysteresis loss and eddy current loss, both depend upon magnetic properties of the materials used to construct the core of transformer and its design. So these losses in transformer are fixed and do not depend upon the load current. So core losses in transformer which is alternatively known as iron loss in transformer can be considered as constant for all range of load.

Electro Magnetic Relay Operation




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Renewable Energy Usage



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Parts Of Distribution Transformer




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Different Types Of Transformers

Types Of Transformers

Transformers can be categorized in different ways, depending upon their purpose, use, construction etc. The types of transformer are as follows,

1. Step Up Transformer & Step Down Transformer – Generally used for stepping up and down the voltage level of power in transmission and distribution power network.
2. Three Phase Transformer & Single Phase Transformer – Former is generally used in three phase power system as it is cost effective than later but when size matters, it is preferable to use bank of three single phase transformer as it is easier to transport three single phase unit separately than one single three phase unit.
3. Electrical Power Transformer, Distribution Transformer & Instrument Transformer - Transformer is generally used in transmission network which is normally known as power transformer, distribution transformer is used in distribution network and this is lower rating transformer and current transformer & potential transformer, we use for relay and protection purpose in electrical power system and in different instruments in industries are called instrument transformer.
4. Two Winding Transformer & Auto Transformer – Former is generally used where ratio between high voltage and low voltage is greater than 2. It is cost effective to use later where the ratio between high voltage and low voltage is less than 2.
5. Outdoor Transformer & Indoor Transformer – Transformers that are designed for installing at outdoor are outdoor transformers and transformers designed for installing at indoor are indoor transformers.

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How Does A Wind Turbine Works?



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Why Motor is rated in kW/HP instead of kVA?

We know that Transformer, Generator, Alternator are rated in KVA. Designer of these equipments doesn’t know on which power factor this equipments will work. The working power factor of Transformer, Generator or Alternator depends on the nature of connected load such as resistive load, capacitive load, and inductive load. But Motors will work on fixed Power factor, i.e. motor manfacturer will decide on which power factor it should work for getting maximum efficiency and thats the reason why motor is rated in KW on Motor nameplate. That’s why Motors are rated in kW or HP (kilowatts/ Horsepower) instead of kVA.

Voltage And Current Ratings Of Transformer




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Home Appliances And Their Power Consumption



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Inner View Of The Fluorescent Lamp

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Why we can’t store AC in Batteries instead of DC?

We cannot store AC in batteries because AC changes their polarity upto 50 (When frequency = 50 Hz) or 60 (When frequency = 60 Hz) times in a second. Therefore the battery terminals keep changing from Positive (+ve) to Negative (-Ve) and vice versa, but the battery cannot change their terminals with the same speed, so that’s the reason why we can’t store AC in Batteries.

Also when we connect a battery with AC Supply, then It will charge during positive half cycle and discharge during negative half cycle because the Positive (+ve) half cycle cancel the negative (-Ve) half cycle, so the average voltage or current in a complete cycle is Zero. So there is no chance to store AC in the Batteries.

No relief for BJP MLA disqualified for power theft

The Bombay High Court has rejected a BJP MLA's petition seeking a stay of the governor's order disqualifying him following his conviction for electricity theft. A division bench of judges Abhay Oka and Girish Kulkarni refused to grant Suresh Halvankar any relief and on the matter of seeking re-election to the state legislature, left it in the hands of the returning officer to decide on his nomination. Halvankar was elected from Ichalkaranji in 2009.

The BJP leader, who owns a power loom unit in the textiles hub, and his brother were found guilty of stealing electricity amounting to nearly Rs21 lakh from the state electricity board and sentenced to three years rigorous imprisonment and a fine of Rs10,000 in may

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